Biology Problem Solver (Problem Solvers Solution Guides)
Books / Paperback
ISBN: 0878915141 / Publisher: Research & Education Association, December 1978
Provides each kind of problem that might appear on an examination, and includes detailed solutions
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Each Problem Solver is an insightful and essential study and solution guide chock-full of clear, concise problem-solving gems. All your questions can be found in one convenient source from one of the most trusted names in reference solution guides. More useful, more practical, and more informative, these study aids are the best review books and textbook companions available. Nothing remotely as comprehensive or as helpful exists in their subject anywhere. Perfect for undergraduate and graduate studies.Here in this highly useful reference is the finest overview of biology currently available, with hundreds of biology problems that cover everything from the molecular basis of life to plants and invertebrates. Each problem is clearly solved with step-by-step detailed solutions.DETAILS- The PROBLEM SOLVERS are unique - the ultimate in study guides.- They are ideal for helping students cope with the toughest subjects.- They greatly simplify study and learning tasks.- They enable students to come to grips with difficult problems by showing them the way, step-by-step, toward solving problems. As a result, they save hours of frustration and time spent on groping for answers and understanding.- They cover material ranging from the elementary to the advanced in each subject.- They work exceptionally well with any text in its field.- PROBLEM SOLVERS are available in 41 subjects.- Each PROBLEM SOLVER is prepared by supremely knowledgeable experts.- Most are over 1000 pages.- PROBLEM SOLVERS are not meant to be read cover to cover. They offer whatever may be needed at a given time. An excellent index helps to locate specific problems rapidly.- Educators consider the PROBLEM SOLVERS the most effective and valuable study aids; students describe them as "fantastic" - the best books on the market.TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionChapter 1: The Molecular Basis of LifeUnits and MicroscopyProperties of Chemical ReactionsMolecular Bonds and ForcesAcids and BasesProperties of Cellular ConstituentsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 2: Cells and TissuesClassification of CellsFunctions of Cellular OrganellesTypes of Animal TissueTypes of Plant TissueMovement of Materials Across MembranesSpecialization and Properties of LifeShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 3: Cellular MetabolismProperties of EnzymesTypes of Cellular ReactionsEnergy Production in the CellAnaerobic and Aerobic ReactionsThe Krebs Cycle and GlycolysisElectron TransportReactions of ATPAnabolism and CatabolismEnergy ExpenditureShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 4: The Interrelationship of Living ThingsTaxonomy of OrganismsNutritional Requirements and ProcurementEnvironmental Chains and CyclesDiversification of the SpeciesShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 5: Bacteria and VirusesBacterial Morphology and CharacteristicsBacterial NutritionBacterial ReproductionBacterial GeneticsPathological and Constructive Effects of BacteriaViral Morphology and CharacteristicsViral GeneticsViral PathologyShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 6: Algae and FungiTypes of AlgaeCharacteristics of FungiDifferentiation of Algae and FungiEvolutionary Characteristics of Unicellular and Multicellular OrganismsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 7: The Bryophytes and Lower Vascular PlantsEnvironmental AdaptationsClassification of Lower Vascular PlantsDifferentiation Between Mosses and FernsComparison Between Vascular and Non-Vascular PlantsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 8: The Seed PlantsClassification of Seed PlantsGymnospermsAngiospermsSeedsMonocots and DicotsReproduction in Seed PlantsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 9: General Characteristics of Green PlantsReproductionPhotosynthetic PigmentsReactions of PhotosynthesisPlant RespirationTransport Systems in PlantsTropismsPlant HormonesRegulation of PhotoperiodismShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 10: Nutrition and Transport in Seed PlantsProperties of RootsDifferentiation Between Roots and StemsHerbaceous and Woody PlantsGas ExchangeTranspiration and GuttationNutrient and Water TransportEnvironmental Influences on PlantsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 11: Lower InvertebratesThe ProtozoansCharacteristicsFlagellatesSarcodinesCiliatesPoriferaCoelenterataThe AcoelomatesPlatyhelminthesNemertinaThe PseduocoelomatesShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 12: Higher InvertebratesThe ProtostomiaMolluscsAnnelidsArthropodsClassificationExternal MorphologyMusculatureThe SensesOrgan SystemsReproduction and DevelopmentSocial OrdersThe DueterostomiaEchinodermsHemichordataShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 13: ChordatesClassificationsFishAmphibiaReptilesBirds and MammalsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 14: Blood and ImmunologyProperties of Blood and its ComponentsClottingGas TransportErythrocyte Production and MorphologyDefense SystemsTypes of ImmunityAntigen-Antibody InteractionsCell RecognitionBlood TypesShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 15: Transport SystemsNutrient ExchangeProperties of the HeartFactors Affecting Blood FlowThe Lymphatic SystemDiseases of the CirculationShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 16: RespirationTypes of RespirationHuman RespirationRespiratory PathologyEvolutionary AdaptationsShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 17: NutritionNutrient MetabolismComparative Nutrient Ingestion and DigestionThe Digestive PathwaySecretion and AbsorptionEnzymatic Regulation of DigestionThe Role of the LiverShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 18: Homeostasis and ExcretionFluid BalanceGlomerular FiltrationThe Interrelationship Between the Kidney and the CirculationRegulation of Sodium and Water ExcretionRelease of Substances from the BodyShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 19: Protection and LocomotionSkinMuscles: Morphology and PhysiologyBoneTeethTypes of Skeletal SystemsStructural Adaptations for Various Modes of LocomotionShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 20: CoordinationRegulatory SystemsVisionTasteThe Auditory SenseAnestheticsThe BrainThe Spinal CordSpinal and Cranial NervesThe Autonomic Nervous SystemNeuronal MorphologyThe Nerve ImpulseShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 21: Hormonal ControlDistinguishing Characteristics of HormonesThe Pituitary GlandGastrointestinal EndocrinologyThe Thyroid GlandRegulation of Metamorphosis and DevelopmentThe Parathyroid GlandThe Pineal GlandThe Thymus GlandThe Adrenal GlandThe Mechanisms of Hormonal ActionThe Gonadotrophic HormonesSexual DevelopmentThe Menstrual CycleContraceptionPregnancy and ParturitionMenopauseShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 22: ReproductionAsexual vs. Sexual ReproductionGametogenesisFertilizationParturation and Embryonic Formation and DevelopmentHuman Reproduction and ContraceptionShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 23: Embryonic DevelopmentCleavageGastrulationDifferentiation of the Primary Organ RudimentsParturationShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 24: Structure and Function of GenesDNA: The Genetic MaterialStructure and Properties of DNAThe Genetic CodeRNA and Protein SynthesisGenetic Regulatory SystemsMutationShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 25: Principles and Theories of GeneticsGenetic InvestigationsMitosis and MeiosisMendelian GeneticsCodominanceDi- and Trihybrid CrossesMultiple AllelesSex Linked TraitsExtrachromosomal InheritanceThe Law of Independent SegregationGenetic Linkage and MappingShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 26: Human Inheritance and Population GeneticsExpression of GenesPedigreesGenetic ProbabilitiesThe Hardy-Weinberg LawGene FrequenciesShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 27: Principles and Theories of EvolutionDefinitionsClassical Theories of EvolutionApplications of Classical TheoryEvolutionary FactorsSpeciationShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 28: Evidence for EvolutionDefinitionsFossils and DatingThe Paleozoic EraThe Mesozoic EraBiogeographic RealmsTypes of Evolutionary EvidenceOntogenyShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 29: Human EvolutionFossilsDistinguishing FeaturesThe Rise of Early ManModern ManOverviewShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 30: Principles of EcologyDefinitionsCompetitionInterspecific RelationshipsCharacteristics of Population DensitiesInterrelationships with the EcosystemEcological SuccessionEnvironmental Characteristics of the EcosystemShort Answer Questions for ReviewChapter 31: Animal BehaviorTypes of Behavioral PatternsOrientationCommunicationHormonal Regulation of BehaviorAdaptive BehaviorCourtshipLearning and ConditioningCircadian RhythmsSocietal BehaviorShort Answer Questions for ReviewIndexWHAT THIS BOOK IS FORStudents have generally found biology a difficult subject to understand and learn. Despite the publication of hundreds of textbooks in this field, each one intended to provide an improvement over previous textbooks, students of biology continue to remain perplexed as a result of numerous subject areas that must be remembered and correlated when solving problems. Various interpretations of biology terms also contribute to the difficulties of mastering the subject.In a study of biology, REA found the following basic reasons underlying the inherent difficulties of biology:No systematic rules of analysis were ever developed to follow in a step-by-step manner to solve typically encountered problems. This results from numerous different conditions and principles involved in a problem that leads to many possible different solution methods. To prescribe a set of rules for each of the possible variations would involve an enormous number of additional steps, making this task more burdensome than solving the problem directly due to the expectation of much trial and error.Current textbooks normally explain a given principle in a few pages written by a biologist who has insight into the subject matter not shared by others. These explanations are often written in an abstract manner that causes confusion as to the principle's use and application. Explanations then are often not sufficiently detailed or extensive enough to make the reader aware of the wide range of applications and different aspects of the principle being studied. The numerous possible variations of principles and their applications are usually not discussed, and it is left to the reader to discover this while doing exercises. Accordingly, the average student is expected to rediscover that which has long been established and practiced, but not always published or adequately explained.The examples typically following the explanation of a topic are too few in number and too simple to enable the student to obtain a thorough grasp of the involved principles. The explanations do not provide sufficient basis to solve problems that may be assigned for homework or given on examinations.Poorly solved examples such as these can be presented in abbreviated form which leaves out much explanatory material between steps, and as a result requires the reader to figure out the missing information. This leaves the reader with an impression that the problems and even the subject are hard to learn - completely the opposite of what an example is supposed to do.Poor examples are often worded in a confusing or obscure way. They might not state the nature of the problem or they present a solution, which appears to have no direct relation to the problem. These problems usually offer an overly general discussion - never revealing how or what is to be solved.Many examples do not include accompanying diagrams or graphs, denying the reader the exposure necessary for drawing good diagrams and graphs. Such practice only strengthens understanding by simplifying and organizing biology processes.Students can learn the subject only by doing the exercises themselves and reviewing them in class, obtaining experience in applying the principles with their different ramifications.In doing the exercises by themselves, students find that they are required to devote considerable more time to biology than to other subjects, because they are uncertain with regard to the selection and application of the theorems and principles involved. It is also often necessary for students to discover those "tricks" not revealed in their texts (or review books) that make it possible to solve problems easily. Students must usually resort to methods of trial and error to discover these "tricks," therefore finding out that they may sometimes spend several hours to solve a single problem.When reviewing the exercises in classrooms, instructors usually request students to take turns in writing solutions on the boards and explaining them to the class. Students often find it difficult to explain in a manner that holds the interest of the class, and enables the remaining students to follow the material written on the boards. The remaining students in the class are thus too occupied with copying the material off the boards to follow the professor's explanations.This book is intended to aid students in biology overcome the difficulties described by supplying detailed illustrations of the solution methods that are usually not apparent to students. Solution methods are illustrated by problems that have been selected from those most often assigned for class work and given on examinations. The problems are arranged in order of complexity to enable students to learn and understand a particular topic by reviewing the problems in sequence. The problems are illustrated with detailed, step-by-step explanations, to save the students large amounts of time that is often needed to fill in the gaps that are usually found between steps of illustrations in textbooks or review/outline books.The staff of REA considers biology a subject that is best learned by allowing students to view the methods of analysis and solution techniques. This learning approach is similar to that practiced in various scientific laboratories, particularly in the medical fields.In using this book, students may review and study the illustrated problems at their own pace; students are not limited to the time such problems receive in the classroom.When students want to look up a particular type of problem and solution, they can readily locate it in the book by referring to the index that has been extensively prepared. It is also possible to locate a particular type of problem by glancing at just the material within the boxed portions. Each problem is numbered and surrounded by a heavy black border for speedy identification.
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